UBIG Factsheet 9 | Work-seeking Conditionality is Just Bad Policy

UBIG Factsheet 9 | Work-seeking Conditionality is Just Bad Policy: Why a basic income should have no strings attached

Work-Seeking Conditionality: A Flawed Approach to Social Grants

As discussions around the future of South Africa’s R370 Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant continue, some policymakers propose replacing it with a work-seekers’ grant. This factsheet explains why attaching work-seeking conditionalities to social grants is costly, counter-productive, and unjust.

What is Work-Seeking Conditionality?

Work-seeking conditionality requires grant recipients to prove they are actively looking for a job. Proponents claim it prevents long-term dependency, but evidence shows that these conditions don’t address the root causes of unemployment and may harm vulnerable populations.

Three Reasons Work-Seeking Conditionality Fails

  1. It Ignores the Drivers of Unemployment
    South Africa’s unemployment crisis stems from structural issues—there simply aren’t enough jobs, even for qualified workers. Forcing job-seeking conditions on grants unfairly blames individuals for systemic economic failures.
  2. It Doesn’t Work
    International evidence reveals mixed results, with high administrative costs and unintended negative outcomes, such as depressing wages and disadvantaging workers. Conditionality often fails to improve employment outcomes.
  3. It’s Unfair and Stigmatising
    Social assistance is a constitutional right in South Africa, not a privilege. Conditionality excludes those in need, perpetuates harmful stereotypes, and exacerbates inequalities, particularly against women and caregivers.

Why Unconditional Basic Income is the Solution

Rather than punitive conditions, evidence supports unconditional basic income as a means to promote dignity, autonomy, and economic inclusion. It addresses poverty and inequality effectively without blaming the disadvantaged.

Take Action for a Just Social Protection System

Replacing the SRD grant with a work-seekers’ grant would harm millions. Instead, policymakers must advocate for evidence-based, rights-focused social protection that supports South Africa’s most vulnerable citizens.

Other factsheets in the series include:

  1. Why does South Africa need a Universal Basic Income Guarantee?
  2. No one left behind: Why universal basic income makes more sense than targeted grants
  3. Jobs versus Grants: Are employment and basic income a policy trade-off?
  4. How a UBIG can support healthier kids, happier adults, and lifelong learning
  5. How a UBIG can advance gender justice and social cohesion
  6. Not just a handout: How a UBIG gives people the power to prosper
  7. “But how will we pay for it?” Financing a UBIG
  8. Modelling fiscal pathways to a basic income
  9. Work-seeking Conditionality is Just Bad Policy: Why a basic income should have no strings attached