Introduction
The South African beef sector plays a crucial role in the country’s economy, food security, and employment. However, its environmental impact and the deep-rooted inequalities within the sector necessitate a shift towards a just transition. This policy brief examines how the beef sector can be a catalyst for a just transition in South Africa’s food system.
The Beef Sector’s Environmental Impact
Globally, beef production is one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In South Africa, cattle accounted for 6.7% of the country’s emissions in 2020. The sector’s ecological footprint is further exacerbated by the intensive use of land, feed, and water, raising concerns about its sustainability.
Inequalities in the Beef Sector
While beef is a staple in South African diets, its consumption is marked by stark inequality. The richest 10% of the population spend 14 times more on beef than the poorest 10%. Moreover, the sector employs around 100,000 workers, predominantly in low-wage, poor working conditions. The concentration of ownership in large-scale feedlots further marginalizes smallholder farmers, limiting their inclusion in the value chain.
Recommendations for a Just Transition
To achieve a just transition in the beef sector, a holistic food systems approach is essential. This includes:
- Adopting a transformative adaptation strategy that addresses both technical and social-economic challenges.
- Reforming labour markets through a gendered climate justice lens, ensuring fair wages and better working conditions.
- Ensuring a gender-just transition by addressing inequalities faced by Black working-class women in the sector.
- Broadening the knowledge base to inform effective policy-making, moving beyond techno-centric solutions.
Conclusion
The South African beef sector must transition towards sustainability while addressing deep-seated inequalities. This policy brief outlines a comprehensive approach to ensuring that no one is left behind in this transition.